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2023年高中英语语法总结集锦20篇

时间:2023-06-17 13:00:08 来源:网友投稿

高中英语语法总结第1篇(1) tootodo例:Politics istooimportanttobelefttothe(=Politicsissoimportantthat itcantbelef下面是小编为大家整理的高中英语语法总结集锦20篇,供大家参考。

高中英语语法总结集锦20篇

高中英语语法总结 第1篇

(1)  too to do

例:Politics  is too important to be left to the (=Politics is so important that  it can"t be left to the )

政治太重要了,不能由政治家来决定。

(2)  only too to do

例:I  shall be only too pleased to get

我要回到家里就非常高兴。

(3)  too + adj + for sth

例:These  shoes are much too small for

我穿这双鞋太小了。

(4)  too + adj + a +

例:This  is too difficult a text for

这篇课文对我来说太难了。

(5)  can"t … too +形容词 无论……也不为过

例:We  cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

高中英语语法总结 第2篇

常见句式是:主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者)

例如:He was scolded by the English

主语+get+过去分词+其它成分

例如:The boy got drowned last She got fired because of her

注意:使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”

带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语。

例如:?She lent me a

被动:1)I was lent a bike(by her). 2)A bike was lent to me(by her).

情态动词+be+过去分词

例如:This problem must be worked out in half an

双重被动式:主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分

例如;These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the murderer was ordered to be

不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。例如:This knife cuts 这把刀好切。These books sell 这些书好卖。The pen writes 这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won’t keep long in such hot 肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes 这种布好洗。

一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。

例如:The apples taste flower smells news proved/turned out feels

注:prove也可用于被动式,如:His answer(was) proved

不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有:hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible等。例如:The problem is easy to question is difficult to box is heavy to project is impossible to complete in a 比较:The problem is to be question is to be 没有形容词时,虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系,但必须用被动式。

teach myself 不可变为Myself is taught 因为反身代词不可作主语。

help each other/one 不可变为Each other/One another is helped by 因为相互代词不可作主语。

lost 不可变为Heart was lost by 因为象lose heart, make a face, keep silence, lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式。

took part in the sports 不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by 因为象take part in, belong to ,own, have, hate, fail, contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

高中英语语法总结 第3篇

表示特定的人或物

表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物

主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。The sun,the moon,the earth

表示地点、方向、时间、方式等 at the corner 在拐角处

1) 在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。In spring 在春天

2) 具体某年的某个季节,需用冠词。In the summer of the year20XX

3)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前 the first the second

4)用于形容词前使其名词化 the rich the poor

5)用于复数姓氏前,表示―夫妇‖或全家 The Smiths

6)用于乐器名词前 Play the piano

7)用于by+the+计量单位名词 By the pound

用于复数名词前

复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词。Students should obey the school 学生应该遵守校规。复数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。The students are too 这些学生太懒。

用于不可数名词前

不可数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词。如:Bread is made from 面包是用面粉做的。

Wood is a poor conductor of 木头是声音的不良导体。不可数名词若需特指,则要加定冠词。

He sawed the wood into three 他把木头锯成三块。

用于专有名词前

在通常情况下,专有名词前要用零冠词。如:

Mr Smith is our English teaches us 史密斯先生教我们英语。在特殊情况下,若专有名词需要特指,也可加定冠词。如:The Smith you‘re looking for no longer lives

用于抽象化的可数名词前

有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词。Jim has gone to 吉姆已上床睡觉了。

She goes to church every 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。

这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town等。另外,这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。如:―住院‖在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital,而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学 / go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭 / at the table (美)在吃饭。

用于职务及头衔前

当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词。如:Wilson became President of the 威尔逊当了美国总统。He will be made captain of the football 他将被选为足球队队长。

在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前,通常用零冠词。

We are all interested in 我们大家都对物理感兴趣。

用于某些固定结构中

go to sea 去当水手 at home 在家 at night 在晚上 at least 至少

at most 至多 at first 首先 at last 最后 in bed 在床上

on foot 步行 face to face 面对面

高中英语语法总结 第4篇

(1)  prefer to do sth

例:I  prefer to stay at

我宁愿呆在家里。

(2)  prefer doing sth

例:I  prefer playing in

我喜欢打防守。

(3)  prefer sb to do sth

例:Would  you prefer me to stay?

你愿意我留下来吗?

(4)  prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……

宁愿…而不愿

例句:I  prefer to stay at home rather than go

我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.

(5)  prefer doing sth to doing sth

例:I  prefer watching football to playing

我喜欢看篮球,不喜欢打篮球。

(6)  prefer sth to sth

例:I  prefer tea to

我要茶不要咖啡。

高中英语语法总结 第5篇

一. 简单句

一个简单句里只有一个主谓结构(有时可能会有并列的主语或谓语),而谓语又一定是需要限定动词的,因此,通过对限定动词的识别,可以帮助我们判断一个句子是不是简单句,找出其基本结构中缺少或多余的成分。请看以下例句:

I saw him walking to the office this morning and looking eager to get there and start (saw 是限定动词;walking,looking,to get,start都是非限定性动词,即非谓语动词。)

While cutting trees,one man was nearly killed by a falling (was是限定动词;cutting,killed,falling是非限定动词。)

You can either stay here or come with

(stay,come都是非限定动词;can是情态动词,can stay or come作谓语。)

二. 并列句

并列连词及其使用

1) 常用的并列连词(或称等立连词)有:and,or,but,for,not (also),,

2) 除for以外的并列连词都可以用来连接一个单句里的两个并列成分,例如:

Jenny and I are good friends。

We run,jump and shout for joy

(当有两个以上的并列成分时,一般只在最后两者之间用连词。)

We go for a walk or watch TV after 。

The bike is quite old but in excellent

Either your answer or mine is

3) 除以外的并列连词还可用来连接两个简单句(或称并列分句),构成并列句。

She was often late and everybody knew,but no one asked

The old lady doesn"t go out in the winter, for she feels the cold a great

Not only is the teacher himself interested h the subject but a11 his students are beginning to show an interest in

连接并列分句的其它手段

1) when/where偶尔也可作并列连词;如:

I was walking down the street when I remembered that I had forgotten my (when = and then)

Last night I went to the theatre where I saw Tom"s parents,(where = and there) The tongue is not steel,yet it

I’m busy today,so can you come tomorrow?

Go into the cave,then they won"t see

It may be possible or not;however,we shall

I’ve never been to Berlin;therefore I don"t know much about 2) 副词yet,的和then可以连接并列分句:

3) 还可用分号“;”。如:
并列分句的排列顺序 必须考虑各分句之间的逻辑关系及其时间上的先后顺序,具体情况具体分析。

1) 有些并列的分句可以相互颠倒,并不影响所表达的句意,如:
Everyone was in the classroom and the doors were

(=The doors were c1osed and everyone was in the )

2) 多数并列句里的分句不能相互颠倒。如:

Most of us were in the classroom,the doors were closed and the late comers had to wait

(为说明门关之后,迟到者只好在外等着,后两个分句的顺序不能颠倒。)

We were coming to see you,but it rained(so we didn’t)。

(考虑到两个分句所谈事实的时间先后与逻辑关系,它们的位置不能颠倒。)

三. 复合句

复合句由一个主句和一个(或一个以上的)从句组成。用来连接从句的连词是从属连词。从句附属于主句的方式有三种:

1) 相当另一个句子里的某个名词或名词词组的作用,作名词从句。

Everyone could see the truth / (that) it was

2) 修饰句子里的某个名词或代词,作定语从句。如:

I often see My old friends / my school friends who were at school with

3) 相当另一个句子里的某个状语的作用,作状语从句。如:

I met your brother ten years ago / when I came to this 两类连词的区分与使用 并列连词与从属连词的作用不同,注意不可混用。如:

不能说:*Although I was good at maths,but I was never given full (although与but不能连用)

应说:Although I was good at maths,(yet)I was never given full

或:
I was good at maths,but/yet I was never given full

不能说:*Unless you work harder,or you will fail to pass the (unless与or不能连用)

应说:Unless you work harder,you will fail to pass the

或:Work harder/you must work harder, or you will fail to pass the

四. 陈述句的肯定与否定

not及其它否定词的使用

1) 否定句一般可以由否定词not及必要的助词来构成,例如:

These exercises are not

I don"t like

2) 除not以外,还有以下这些否定词,也能构成否定句:

a) never,hardly,seldom一类含否定意义的副词。如:

I have not / never / hardly (ever)/ seldom spoken to

I have not said anything to anybody about

I have spoken to nobody / no one about

I have said nothing to anybody about

I haven"t any money / I have no

I haven"t I have

c) neither和nor,主要在以下句式中:

---I haven"t spoken to

---Neither/Nor have

当用作连词时,neither要在nor之前。如:

Neither Bob nor I broke the We neither want nor need any help from you, thank b) no,none以及其它由no-构成的复合词(nothing,nobody,no one,nowhere等)。

肯定变否定时的其它相应变化

肯定与否定句的区别,除了看有无否定词之外,还可能体现在其它方面,试比较:
I have found some mistakes

I haven"t found any yet?(some >>> any;already >>> yet)

I have found some mistakes,

I haven"t found any (too >>> either)

五. 疑问句

否定问句

1) 否定问句可由否定句变来,例如:

He doesn"t eat

I haven"t seen

结构相当正规,如:

Does he not eat meat?(不能说 *Does not )

Have you not seen him?(不能说 *Have not )

3) 否定问句的回答要“前后如一”,不可受汉语影响犯以下这类错误:

— Doesn"t he eat meat?

一Yes,he /No,he doesn"

(不能说 Yes,he doesn",he )

反意疑问句的一般构成

1) 反意疑问句的一般构成是:肯定陈述,否定尾句;否定陈述,肯定尾句。要注意反问尾

句中的助词(或系动词、情态动词等)与人称代词应与陈述部分中的语法动词与主语取

得一致。例如:

Jane is your cousin,isn’t she? There is no doubt,is there?

We need to ask first,don’t we? We needn’t ask first,need we?

2) 要注意陈述部分主语后面的缩写形式 "s或 "d的真实意义,以决定尾句应该选用的助动

词或系动词等。如:

He’s never met you before,has he? (He"s=He has)

He’s going to tell you the truth,isn"t he?(He"s=He is)

You"d better go, hadn"t you? (you"d =you had)

You"d rather stay, wouldn"t you?(you"d =you would)

3) 要注意“否定陈述+肯定尾句”的回答必须前后一致。

You seldom go swimming in the morning,do you?

Yes,I do,/No,I don"

比较特殊的反意疑问句

有些反意疑问句的尾句构成比较特殊,应当引起注意:

Few people knew the answer,did they?(few为否定含义,后接肯定尾句。)

I"m older than you,aren"t I?(I am后面的否定尾句常用aren"t I?)

Pass me the newspaper,will you?(肯定祈使句用will you?)

Don"t be late next time,will you?(否定祈使句后也用will you?)

Remember to lock the door,won"t you?(用won"t you表示请求或恳求。)

Use your head,can"t you?(can"t you表示不耐烦或不满的斥责。)

Let"s do it by ourselves,shall we?(第一人称祈使句,we包括说话人与听话人双方。)

Let us do it by ourselves,will you?(第二人称祈使句,we只指说话人一方。)

Everybody has been told what to do,haven"t they?(尽管hasn"t he似乎更合语法;习惯常用 haven"t they。)

Doesn"t he eat meat? >>> Haven"t you seen him?

2) 否定问句的开头一般都用not的缩写形式;如分开,则须将not放到主语之后,但这类

None of us knew the way,did we?(none of us作主语, 尾句中用we)

Some of you are learning Russian,aren"t you?(同上句理解。)

特殊疑问句

1) 两种语序:

a) 当疑问词为主语或主语的定语时,语序与陈述句相同,如:

Somebody broke the >>> Who broke the window?

Something broke the >>> What broke the window?

Somebody"s window was >>> Whose window was broken?

b) 当疑问词为其它成分时,则疑问词后面的语序与一般疑问句相同,如:

He was reading China >>> What paper was he reading?

I saw the film >>> When did you see the film?

2) 要注意选择恰当的疑问词以及与之搭配的其他词语,如:

I bought a bike made in >>> What bike did you buy?

The new bike under the tree is >>> Which bike is yours? He did his work >>> How did he do his work?

I go to the library twice a >>> How often do you go to the library?

He painted the desk >>> What color did he paint the desk?

两类选择疑问句

1) 一类是以一般疑问句为基础的。如:

Do you speak French or German?

Will they come to see us or sha11 we go to see them?

Has Henry finished his breakfast or hasn"t he?

2) 另一类是以特殊疑问句为基础的,可以看成是由一个Wh- 问句加上并列起来供人选择

的两个(或两个以上的)答案构成的。如:

How do you go to school every day,by bus or on foot?

When shall we set off,at six or (at)six thirty?

六. 祈使句

祈使句的主语

1) 主语应为第二人称时,通常不表示出来,如:

Read after me, Be careful with your Have this seat,will you?(可加反意疑问句) Let me have a Let him try All/Everybody be here at two o"clock。(也可不用Let) 2) 行为动作的主语为第一、三人称时,祈使句通带以Let开头:

祈使句的强调与否定

1) 祈使句的强调结构是在句首加Do:

Do come early next Do be careful! 2) 祈使句的否定是在句首加Don"t:
Don"t ask me Don"t be

Don"t 1et there be too much

Never buy what you cannot pay (也可用Never)

祈使句+and/or结构

这类结构常可与含if从句的复合句相互转换:

Give h1m an inch, and he"ll take a (=lf you give him an inch, he"ll take a )

Wear your coat,or you"ll catch (If you don"t wear your coat,you"ll catch ) 七. 感叹句

What +(a/an)+ + + 主谓

What a beautiful day it is!

What wonderful weather we are having!

1) What之后是否用a/an要看后面的名词是否可数;是单数还是复数:

What beautiful music the boy is playing!(music不可数,前面不可加) What fools they were!(fools,复数,不可加a/an) What a beautiful day!

What fools!

How hard you"ve been working! How time flies!

2) 在上下文清楚的情况下,感叹句中的主谓结构甚至形容词都可省略。如:
How + + 主谓!

How happy we are!

How也可修饰句中动词,如:
How I miss you,my friend! How++ a/an +单数名词„:

How foolish a boy he is!(= What a foolish boy he is!)

高中英语语法总结 第6篇

一、不定式与动名词作主语时的比较

不定式和动名词在作主语时常常可以互换:
Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的几点:

动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定式作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定式做主

语通常表示具体动作。试比较:

Living in Beijing must be (泛指行为)

He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具体行为) 当主语被否定时,通常用不定式:

Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions

在It is important/necessary…的结构中,主语只能用不定式,不用动名词:

It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 在It takes+时间等+。¨的结构中,主语常用不定式:

How much cloth will it take to make a shirt?

在There is no … 和It is no good …结构中,通常用动名词 二、不定式与动名词作表语时的比较

不定式和动名词在作表语时常常可以互换:
His job is bringing/to bring milk every day

但是,当不定式作主语时,表语用不定式;动名词作主语时,表语也用动名词。

To see is to Seeing is

此外,还应注意以下两点:

主语是it,this,that等指示代词时,表语通常用动名词:

That was playing with

主语是名词时,表语较短时通常用动名词,表语较长时通常用不定式:

My favorite sport is

What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand

三、不定式与动名词作宾语时的比较

接不定式或动名词作宾语意义区别不大的动词常见的有:begin,start,continue,love,

like,propose等:

Almost all the boys like to play/playing football . 但以上的动词中有一部分在下列情况下通常用不定式作宾语:

1) 在would like/love/hate等的后面:

I"d like(love)to have a

I"m starting to talk about

3) 当begin后接某些感觉或状态动词时:

She began to see what he

接不定式或动名词作宾语,意义不同的动词或词组常见的有:

1) remember/forget/regret+doing或to do sth

I must remember to ask him (指记住要做的事)

I shall always remember seeing the famous scientist (指记住己经发生过的事) Don’t forget to bring your (不要忘记要做的事)

I will never forget meeting you here (不会忘记曾发生过的事)

I regret telling you so much (懊悔己经作过的事=I"m sorry told you so much。)

I regret to tell you that you have failed your exam(regret发生在to tell之前,=I’m sorry

to tell you…)

可见,上述用法中,动名词指己经发生的事,不定式指发生在renumber, forget或

regret以后的事。要注意:可以用动名词的完成式替代一般式;通常不用*I forgot

doing it 而说:I forgot that I had done it 或I forgot about doing

2) stop/go on/leave of+doing或to do

They stopped smoking (停止吸烟) They stopped to smoke (停下所做的事,开始吸烟) He went on reading (继续读) He went on to (放下原来做的事,转而读书) He left off playing tennis (停止打网球) They left off to play tennis (离开某处去打网球) 以上stop,leave off或go on后面的不定式都不是其宾语,而是作目的状语。

3) try+to do或doing He"ll try to finish the work as soon as

Please try putting some more salt- that might make it taste a bit

try to do 中,try是不及物动词,意思是“没法、努力、尽力”,to do sth作目的

状语;try doing sth中,try是及物动词,意思是“尝试、试一试”,看会发生什么情

2) 当这部分动词是进行时态时:

况,动名词作宾语。

4) mean+to do/doing

接不定式时,意思是“有„的意图、打算。

I meant to telephone you last Friday but I didn’t have time

接动名词时,意为“意味着”,“就是„

This kind of illness means going to

接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,此处也能用不定式的被动形式代换,但用动名词较为常见:

The room wants repairing ( = to be repaired)

The radio needs fixing ( = to be fixed)

6) be afraid+to do sth。或of doing

接带to的不定式时,意为“不敢”做某事,“害怕”做某事:
She was afraid to see you

接“of+动名词”时,意为“担心”或“害怕”发生某种情况:
5) need/want/require+doing(=to be done)。

I"m afraid of making mistakes when I speak

7) be interested+to do sth。/in doing sth。

My sister is interested in becoming a

(指她想当医生,动名词表示将要发生的事。)

My sister is interested to be a doctor。

(指她当医生后感到有意思,不定式表示已经发生的事。)

除了一部分既可接不定式、也可按动名词作宾语的动词外,还有一部分动词后面只能接

不定式作宾语;另有一部分动词和成语后只能接动名词作宾语。关于这两点可以参看前面讲到的不定式和动名词条款。

四、to be done,being done或done(作定语)

不定式被动式、现在分词一般被动式与过去分词作定语时,存在时间关系上的区别。例如:
The power station to be built next year will be of great benefit to the industry and agriculture of our (to be built指将来 =which will be bui1t)

The power station being built now will be one of the largest in (being built=which is being

The power station built on the river last year has been left to our (built on the river指己完成 = which was bui1t on the river )

五、不定式和分词作宾语补足语时的比较

在see,hear,find等一类表示感觉的动词后:

1) 不带to不定式作宾语补足语,表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,并强调动作

发生的全过程或事实:
We saw the computer operate well 2) 现在分词作宾语补足语,表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,强调正在进行:
We saw the computer operating very well

3) 过去分词则往往表示动作完成的状态:

We found the work of the computer done

表示心理状态的动词:consider,declare, find,prove,think,know,believe,discover,imagine,judge,suppose,understand的宾语补足语一般,用 to be:

We found him to be

You surely can’t consider him to be selfish

高中英语语法总结 第7篇

●使用"介词+关系代词"要注意以下几点:

(一)选用介词的依据:

(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。

(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。

(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。

(4) 表示"所有"关系或"整体中的一部分"时,通常用介词of。

(二)在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look after, look for等。

(三)"of which / whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。

(四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。

(五)in that不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导原因状语从句。

二、"介词+关系代词"与关系副词的转化

(1)当先行词表示地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语时,通常用关系副词where引导,此时也可选用表示地点的介词+which来代替关系副词where。

(2) 当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用表示时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。

(3) 当先行词为reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时,通常用关系副词why引导,此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。

高中英语语法总结 第8篇

基数词

表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。

基数词的构成:

1-10  one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;

11-19  eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,

seventeen,  eighteen, nineteen;

20-90  twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;

≥  100

100  a/one hundred;

1,000  a/one thousand;

1,000,000  a/one million;

1,  000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million

 基数词的用法

1)作主语:

Three  will be enough for

三个对我们来说就足够了。

Two  of the girls are from

这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。

2)作宾语:

Four  people applied for this job, but we only need

四个人申请这工作,但我们仅需一人。

3)作表语:

The  population of China is over

中国有十三亿多人口。

I’m  twenty while my brother is

我二十岁,我弟弟十六岁。

4)作定语:

We  have 300 workers in our

我们公司有三百名员工。

Forty  students were involved in the 四十名学生参加了这次采访。

5)作同位语:

You  two clean these

你们两个打扫这些位子。

Have  you got tickets for us three?

有我们三个人的票吗?

序数词

表示顺序或等级。

 序数词的构成:

1-10:
 first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh  7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th;

11-19:
 eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th;  sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th;

20-90:
 twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth  60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th;

≥100:

100  hundredth;

1,000  thousandth;

1,000,000  millionth;

1,000,000,000  billionth

2、序数词的用法

1)作主语:

The  second is what I really

第二个是我真正需要的。

The  first bottle has been full but the second is

第一个瓶已满,但第二个还空着。

2)作宾语:

I  got a third in

我生物得到了第三名。

Do  you prefer the first or the second?

第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢?

3)作表语:

I  will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you

.我将是第一个支持你的人,也是最不会反对你的人。

Columbus  was the first who discovered

哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。

4)作定语:

I’ll  try a second time and see if I can do

我还要试一次,看看我能否做得了。

Take  the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get  

在第一个转弯处向右转,然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。

5)作状语:

He  came second in the

他在赛跑中得了第二名。

It  was a snowy day when we first

我们初次见面时是一个下雪的日子。

3、  序数词前冠词的使用

1)  明确指明了先后顺序或一系列事物按一定的规律排列时,序数词前用定冠词。

This  is the second time that I have been in

这是我第二次来伦敦。

Alva  is the fifth child of the

阿尔瓦市怀特家的第五个孩子。

2)  表示“又一、再一”,不强调顺序时,序数词前用不定冠词。

You  have bought four toys Why do you want to buy a fifth one?

今天你已经买了四个玩具了,为什么还想再买一个呢?

I  failed again, but I will try a third

我又失败了,可是我要再试一次。

3)  序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或其他修饰语时不用任何冠词。

My  first five years of childhood was spent with my

我五岁前是和祖父母一块度过的。

 Black’s second child is a

布莱克夫人的第二个孩子是个天才。

4)  序数词与名词构成复合形容词时,冠词由被修饰词而定。此时序数词是复合形容词的一部分而不是独立的,前面的冠词完全由这个形容词所修饰的名词而定。

This  MPV car is a second-hand

这辆商务车是二手的。

Habit  is second

习惯是第二天性。

5)  序数词还可作副词,此时不用任何冠词。

First  I am short of money; second I haven’t enough

首先我缺钱,其次我没有足够的时间。

6)  序数词用在表示“每隔……”的every 后,其前不用冠词。

every  second day 每隔一天

every  fifth day 每隔四天

every  second line 每隔一行

7)  某些固定搭配中序数词前不用冠词。

first  of all 首先

at  first 起初

at  first sight 乍一看,第一

数词的用法

 分数:表示分数时,分子须用基数词,分母须用序数词。

(分子是1以上的任何数时,作分母的序数词要用复数形式。)

1)  真分数通常用英语单词表达。

one-fourth  四分之一

two-fifths  五分之二

a  quarter 四分之一

2)  分子和分母的数目较大时,两者都用基数词,之间用over/by/out of/in 连接。

Seven  over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight

二十个学生中有七个通过了飞行测试。

3)  带分数:“整数+ and + 分数部分”。

Two  and a quarter inches of rain fell over the

周末期间的降雨量达二又四分之一英寸。

 小数:小数总是用阿拉伯数字表达。小数点后不论有多少位都不能用逗号分开,但小数点之前的数依然按照三位一个逗号的原则书写。

 120,

注意:小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读,小数点后的数每一位都要单独读。

 读作fifteen point five zero three

 读作zero point zero five

 百分数:百分数中的数目用阿拉伯数字,后接percent或百分号(%),在专业统计或表格中常用%代替percent,在句首时则用英语单词书写。

I  have invested 40 percent of my

我把40%的收入用作投资了。

Farmers’  income has increased by 30%.

农民的收入已经增加了30%。

4、  倍数:表示倍数时,一倍用once,两倍 用twice/double,三倍以上用“基数词+ times”。

1)“倍数  + as many/much … as …”

My  deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as

我同桌声称他的邮票是我的两倍。

This  computer costs three times as much as that

这台计算机的价格是那台的三倍。

2)“倍数  + the size of …”

用法与size相同的名词常见的有weight(重量),height(高度),depth(深度),width(宽度),age(年龄),length(长度)等。

Our  playground is five times the size of

我们的操场是他们的五倍大。

This  street is twice/double the width of that

这条大街是那条大街的两倍宽。

3)“倍数  + what从句”

The  value of the house is double what it

这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。

People’s  average income is almost five times what they earned ten years

人们的平均收入是十年前的五倍。

4)“倍数  + 比较级 + than”

The  room is twice larger than

这间房子比我们的房子大两倍。

This  ball seats three times more people than that

这个大厅能坐的人数是那个大厅的四倍。

5)“比较级  + than … + by + 倍数/程度”

The  line is longer than that one by

这根线是那根线的两倍长。

The  population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6

中国人口是美国人口的六倍多。

5、四则运算:

1)加法:在口语中,小数目的加法常用and代表“+”,is  或 are 代表“=”。

在正式的场合或较大数目的加法用plus代表“+”,equals或is  代表“=”。

7+4=11  Seven and four is/are

13+12=25  Thirteen plus twelve equals/is

2)  减法:在口语中,小数目的减法用“Take away + 减数 + from + 被减数 + and you get + 余数”

“减数  + from + 被减数 + leaves/is + 余数”

在正式的场合或较大数目的减法用minus  代表“—”,equals 代表“=”。

12-5=7  Five from twelve leaves/is /Take away five from twelve and you get  

21-7=14  Twenty-one minus seven equals

3)  乘法:在口语中,小数目的乘法的乘数用复数形式,用are 代表“=”。

大数目的乘法用times代表“×”,is/makes  代表“=”。

在正式的场合下用multiplied  by 代表“×”,equals 代表“=”。

4×5=20  Four fives are twenty

326×238=77588

Three  hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven  thousand five hundred and

Three  hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals  seventy-seven thousand five hundred and

4)  除法:小数目的除法:用divided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。

“被除数  + divided by + 除数 + equals + 商”;
“除数 + into + 被除数 + goes + 商”

32÷4=8  Thirty-two divided by four equals

Four  into thirty-two goes

大数目的除法:用divided  by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。

216÷8=27

Two  hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals

6、比率:一般来说表示比率都用阿拉伯数字(包括句首的情况),但在非专业性的文字中,也可用英语单词的形式。

The  ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or

七比四写作7:4或7/4。

You  have a fifty to fifty chance of

你成功的机会只有一半。

7、编号:用基数词时  名词 + 基数词 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…

用序数词时  the + 序数词 + 名词  the First World War

8、年代与几十几岁:通常是逢十的基数词用作复数形式。表示年代的数词前用定冠词  in the 90s;
表示岁数的数词前用形容词用物主代词 in one’s twenties

9、约数:

1)表示“大约”可以用about/some/around/nearly/something  like/more or less,用or so 表示“左右、大约”置于数词之后。

The  man in rags is about/some sixty years

The  man in rags is sixty years old or

那个衣衫褴褛的男子大约有六十岁/六十岁左右。

Peter  is something like

皮特大约有三十岁。

2)“多于、超过”用more/than/over/above;
“少于、不超过”用less  than。

She  was more than/less than forty when she got

她结婚时有四十多岁/不到四十岁。

3)其他

半天(小时)half  a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour

一个半  a day and a half=one and a half days

两天半  two days and a half=two and a half days

一两天……one  or two days=a day or two

两三天/周/个苹果  a couple of days/weeks/apples…

三番五次  again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time  after time

三年五载  from three to five years; in a few years

三三两两  in twos and threes; in knots

2高中语法有必背的知识点

高中英语语法总结 第9篇

一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。

主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如:

I’ll go there after I finish my If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go

在以here, there开头的句子里,go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

例如:There goes the 铃响了。There comes the 汽车来了。Here she 她来了。

表示正在进行的动作。

表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

例如:She is leaving for 她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher 从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。

例如:The Changjiang River is flowing into the 江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the 太阳从东方冉冉升起。

大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有:exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,

believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。

表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。

例如:I have finished the She has cleaned the

表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如:He has learned English for six They have worked here since they left

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。例如:She has cleaned the It’s very clean (此句has cleaned就不能改为一是因为cleaned与现状无关,二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)

2)汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达,如:I have seen that (我看过那部电影了。)但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如:When did you see that film? I saw it (你什么时候看了那部电影?我昨天看的。)不能说:When have you seen that film? I have seen it

表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”.例如:

——Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the

——She knows a lot about has been

短暂动词(即瞬间动词),join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说:He has finished the work for three 要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1)“ago法”:He finished the work three hours )“延续法”:He has been through(with)the work for three )“since法”:It is/has been three hours since he finished the

用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作。例如:He has been doing the maths problems since It has been raining for two

凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)。例如:He was preparing his lecture all day

表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如:They were still working when I

用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如:I was writing while he was watching

表示过去将来动作。例如:He said she was arriving the next

表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如:He had shut the door before the dog came Everything had been all right up till this

表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。例如:At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English He had been ill for a week when we learned about

常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如:We had expected that you would be able to win the

一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式:

do (侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)

going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)

doing (按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用)

about to do (按计划即将发生)

用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when, before引起的时间状语连用。例如:We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this

高中英语语法总结 第10篇

这两个字都是有人、某人的意思,一般可以通用,例如:Someone/Somebody must have told 一定有人告诉了他。Somebody比someone较常用于口语。

someone用法

音标:bai英["s?mw?n]美["s?mw?n]

释义:
有人,某人

短语

tease someone开某人玩笑

Complimenting Someone称赞时;
称誉时

Contradicting Someone反驳他人时;
批驳别人时

someone pron某人;
有人;
或人;
有名气的人

Someone Painting有人正在画画

例句

1、Someone ripped off my

有人偷了我的钱夹子。

2、Someone came out with a most useful

有人提出了一个非常有益的建议。

3、Hearing someone come in, he hid himself behind the

听见有人进来了,他一闪身藏在了窗帘的后面。

4、Someone stole a painting from the

有人从博物馆盗走了一幅画。

5、Do you hear someone holler?

你听到有人在喊叫吗?

2somebody用法

音标:英["s?mb?d?]美["s?mb?di]

释义:

人物
重要人物

有人;
某人

短语

Grab Somebody

summon somebody召集某人

molest somebody非礼

call somebody给某人打电话

例句

1、I heard somebody

2、Somebody is knocking on the

高中英语语法总结 第11篇

1. when 引导的状语从句

(1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用。

例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

2. that 引导的宾语从句

名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中。

例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。

3. which 引导的主语从句。

例句:Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

4.过去完成时和过去将来时

(1)过去完成时(past perfect tense):强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态,或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情,它就是过去的过去。

①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果,用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。

②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句:
He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。

(2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句:I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

5. there be句型:表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be (is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句:There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。

高中英语语法总结 第12篇

(1)  as引导方式状语从句句型:“按照……;正如……”

例:As(it  is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the

正如(像)  你们国家一样,我们北方种植小麦,南方种植水稻。

(2)  as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;

否定式:not  as/so --- as

例:He  is as good a player as his

他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。

(3)  such + + as to do 如此……以致于……

例:She  is such a fool as to believe what he

她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

(4)  so + + as to do sth 如此……以致于……

例:He  was so strong as to carry the heavy

他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。

(5)   象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)

例:He  wished to be such a man as Lei Feng

他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。

(6)  the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)

例:He  is not the same man as he used to

他不是从前的那样子了。

(7)  as 引导非限制性定语从句

例:As  is known to us, knowledge is

众所周知,知识就是力量。

(8)引导时间状语从句,与while意义相近

例:We  get wiser as we get

随着我们长大,我们也变得越来越聪明。

(9)  引导原因状语从句,与 because的用法相近

例:As  it was getting very late, we soon turned

因为越来越迟了,所以我们不久就回来了。

(10)  引导让步状语从句

例:Child  as he is, he knows much about

尽管他是一个小孩,但他对科学了解得很多。

高中英语语法总结 第13篇

英语修饰词,强调词

什么是修饰语?

和限定词一样,修饰语修饰句子的意思。它们根据说话者的意图改变其意思。修饰语是帮助你描述意思的最广泛的一类词。因此,它们可以是所有类型的词类,如形容词、形容词从句、副词、副词从句、绝对短语、不定式短语、分词短语和介词短语。如果使用得当,修饰语可以使任何句子更吸引人,更详细,更有趣的读者。修饰语给读者更多的信息,创造一个更完整的情况。

例:

Amy gathered

艾米收集原料。

例:

Young Amy, who just wanted to eat her favorite dessert to reward herself, enthusiastically gathered ingredients for a cake from the kitchen pantry, sneaking bits of sugar and chocolate as she left a trail of flour on the kitchen table and floor, a situation requiring her mother to spend so much time cleaning up that she couldn’t help Amy bake the

年轻的艾米只想吃她最喜欢的甜点来奖励自己,她从厨房的餐具室里热情地收集蛋糕的配料,偷偷地在厨房的桌子和地板上留下一小片面粉,同时还偷了一些糖和巧克力,这种情况要求她母亲花太多时间打扫卫生,以致于她无法帮助艾米烤蛋糕。

上面这句话虽然很长,但比第一句讲的故事要多得多。它也更有趣的阅读,使你可能想知道更多的情况。

艾米为什么要奖励自己?为什么她妈妈不帮她收集配料?该句子还包含以下每种类型的修饰语中的至少一种,如下所述。

形容词(形容名词或代词):young

年轻

形容词从句(用作形容词的描述性短语):

who just wanted to eat her favorite dessert

只想吃她最喜欢的甜点的人

不定式短语(以不定式开头或后跟动词的描述性短语):

to reward herself

奖励自己

副词(形容形容词或动词):

enthusiastically

热情地

介词短语(以介词开头的描述性短语,青蛙可以对原木做的事情,如sit on, in, 或 on top of it):

from the kitchen pantry

来自厨房的餐具室

分词短语(以形容词形式的动词开头的描述性短语,通常以-ing或-ed结尾):

Sneaking bits of sugar and chocolate

偷一点糖和巧克力

状语从句(一种做副词的描绘性短语):

She left a trail of flour on the kitchen table and

她在厨房的桌子和地板上留下面粉痕迹。

绝对短语(附在句子上的不带连词的描述性短语,经常修改整句话的意思):

Her mother to spend so much time cleaning up that she couldn’t help Amy bake the

母亲花大量时间清理,她无法帮助艾米烤蛋糕。

从上面的每个修饰语可以看出,它们可以放在句子的任何部分来修饰任何类型的单词或短语。

形容词和副词总是出现在它们所修饰的词或短语的前面,但除此之外,大多数修饰语都可以放在它们听起来最好的地方,它们将要修饰的东西最清楚的地方。

什么是限定词?

限定词是修饰语的一个子组,可以是副词,可以是单词或短语,通过限制动词来改变动词的意义。

不要说 Pam was working,这意味着Pam正在工作,你可以通过说 Pam was hardly working,来限制你描述的工作量。第二句几乎没有限定词,它的意思与第一句完全不同。在这种情况下,Pam做的工作比以前少得多。

限定词的一般用途是表示怀疑,或者限定你所说的话。你可以限制你所改变的动词和形容词的意义,如果你还没有足够的词汇量,这将非常有用。把这些限定词放在你想描述的动词或形容词前面。

下面列出了一些非常常见的限定符:

减轻某事的影响:

May/Might/Maybe/May be/Might/Could/Kind of/Sort of/Somewhat/Slightly

可能/也许/也许是/有点/稍微有点

例:

I might be going to Italy in June with my cousins, but I’m not sure

我可能六月份和我的表兄弟们去意大利,但我还不确定。

The rain could fall, but the sun is out to it is hard to

雨可能会下,但太阳出来了,很难预测。

Katie kind of wants to go to Disneyland, but she is afraid to ask her parents to take

凯蒂有点想去迪斯尼乐园,但她不敢让父母带她去。

一个较小的数字

Few/Not many/A small number/A minority/Some

少/不多/少数/少数

例:

A minority of voters approve of the new legislation that is being

少数选民赞成正在考虑的新立法。

Few students enjoy learning from reading books, as they would prefer to try different things and learn by

很少有学生喜欢从读书中学习,因为他们更喜欢尝试不同的东西,通过实验来学习。

I would like some peas,

请给我一些豌豆。

某事不会比它发生得更频繁,或者比你期望的要少

Hardly/Hardly ever/Rarely/Infrequently/Seldom/Sporadically/Scarcely/For a short time

很少/偶尔/几乎没有/短时间内

例:

This is scarcely the time to be doubting our plans,

哈利,现在几乎不是怀疑我们计划的时候。

It hardly ever rains here, so if you draw lines in the sand, you can come back and see them years

这里几乎从不下雨,所以如果你在沙地上画线,你可以在几年后回来看。

The ice cream truck rarely comes by our neighborhood, but is very popular when it

冰淇淋车很少经过我们附近,但很受欢迎。

To create doubt

表示怀疑

Unlikely/Improbable/Doubtful/Possibly/Probably/Not likely/Undecidedly/Apparently

不可能/可疑/可能/不可能/不确定/明显不可能/不可能/也许/不可能/不确定/明显

例:

To answer your question, it is highly unlikely that Cassie will be picked for the

回答你的问题,凯西被选上这个职位的可能性很小。

Don’t get your hopes up because your design is not likely to be

不要因为你的设计不太可能被选中而抱有希望。

The doctor will probably have some time to see you in the afternoon, so come when you are

下午医生可能有时间来看你,有空的时候来。

To make generalizations, or talk about multiple things that are related, but not the same

概括,或谈论多种相关但不相同的事情

Basically/Essentially/Generally/Pretty/Rather/Virtually

基本上/大体上/一般地/漂亮/相当于/实际上

例:

“Traveling in the different countries in Asia is basically the same,” said John, who had never been to any of the countries in

从未去过亚洲任何一个国家的约翰说:“在亚洲的不同国家旅行基本上是一样的。”

Essentially, the point of the festival is to celebrate the great things that have happened in the past

从本质上讲,节日的意义在于庆祝过去一年发生的大事。

Virtually every tournament only lets boys compete, probably because everyone is afraid to be beaten by a

几乎每场比赛都只让男孩参加,可能是因为每个人都害怕被女孩打败。

限定词不限于以上列表,可以是长短语,也可以是单个单词。

什么是强调词?

强调词是另一类特殊的修饰语。它们具有与限定词相反的效果,并加强(而不是削弱)它们修改的单词和短语的含义。

They are either positive (like very) or negative (like definitely not).

它们要么是积极的(像非常)要么是消极的(像绝对不是)。这两类强调词的例子如下:

肯定强调词

Very/Extremely/Absolutely/Completely/Greatly/Too/So/Totally/Utterly/Highly/Rather/Really/Exceptionally/Particularly/Seriously/Quite (in American, but not British, English)/Awfully (be careful: awful means very bad, but awfully usually describes some great, like The cake was awfully delicious!)

非常的/绝对的/完全的/非常的/太多的/所以的/完全的/程度高的/相当的/非常的/特别的/认真的/相当的(在美国,但不是英国,英语)/Awfully(小心:awful 的意思是非常糟糕,但是awfully通常描述一些伟大的,如 The cake was awfully delicious! 蛋糕是非常美味的!)

例:

The boss was very adamant that the software be changed this way, so we had better listen to his

老板非常坚决地要求这样修改软件,所以我们最好听听他的要求。

I completely agree with Nathan, even though we never agree on

我完全同意内森的观点,尽管我们从来没有达成一致。

Sally really wanted to kiss Liam that

那天晚上莎莉真的很想吻利亚姆。

否定强调词

Never/At all/What on earth…?

从来没有/根本没有/到底是什么…?

What on earth is Mindy doing? To question Mindy’s

明迪到底在干什么?质疑明迪的行为。

Why… ever…?

究竟为什么?

Why did I ever agree to help you move your furniture? To indicate regret or a

我究竟为什么同意帮你搬家具?表示遗憾或问题。

Dangerously/Seriously/Ever again/Bitterly (goes with specific words, only, including cold, unhappy, disappointed, sad, )

危险的/严肃的/永远的/痛苦的(仅限于特定的词语,包括冷漠、不快乐、失望、悲伤)

例:

Luke never wants to see Philip ever

卢克再也不想见菲利普了。

My son does not want to attend this college at all!

我儿子根本不想上这所大学!

You are getting dangerously close to the edge of my

你正危险地接近我的忍耐极限。

一个更大的数字

Many/Most/Some/Lots of/Numerous/Countless/A majority/Mostly/Various

很多/大多数/一些/大多数/数不尽的/大多数的/各种各样的

例:

Countless efforts have been made to change the system, but nothing has

为改变这一制度已经做了无数的努力,但什么也没有奏效。

A majority of the benches in this park were donated by people from this

公园里的长椅大部分是由附近的人捐赠的。

Herbert was mostly just curious why you designed your office this

赫伯特只是好奇你为什么要这样设计你的办公室。

某事经常发生,或比你期望的更普遍

Often/Frequently/Commonly/For a long time/Usually/Sometimes/Repeatedly

经常/频繁地/通常地/长时间/常/有时/反复

例:

For a long time, I thought that all rabbits just ate carrots all the

很长一段时间以来,我一直以为所有的兔子都只吃胡萝卜。

She frequently stops by our shop to buy a jar of

她经常来我们店里买一罐泡菜。

I have told you repeatedly not to bother me when I am working, have I not?

我反复告诉过你,我工作时不要打扰我,是吗?

何时以及如何使用修饰词、限定词和强调词?

在很大程度上,使用这些单词和短语可以描绘出一幅更加丰富多彩和充满活力的画面,你想说什么。它们有助于提供更多的细节和显示完整的图片。

修饰语可以用在句子的任何地方,可以有多种不同的形式。限定词和强调词是经常出现在它们所修饰的词或短语前面的词或短语。然而,使用太多会使你的写作或演讲变得杂乱无章。减少你使用的单词数量和句子复杂程度的一个好方法就是复习你的写作。

例:

Very important = crucial, central, essential

非常重要=关键、中心、关键

Very unimportant = trivial, irrelevant

非常不重要=微不足道,无关紧要

Very cold = chilly or freezing

非常冷=寒冷的,冷嗖嗖的

Very hot = sweltering

非常热=闷热的

Very confusing = puzzling, perplexing

非常困惑的=令人疑惑的

Very slow = sluggish

非常慢=慢悠悠的

Very fast = speedy, rapid, swift

非常快=迅速的

Very large = enormous, giant, huge

非常大=巨大的

Very small = nonexistent, tiny

非常小=不存在的,极小的

高中英语语法总结 第14篇

定语从句与同位语从句的区别:

被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。

从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。

引导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。

引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。

高中英语语法总结 第15篇

现在完成时

现在完成时结构:

主语 + 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词

否定句:have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t

一般疑问句:have/has提前

现在完成时的用法:

(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是这个结果或影响,常与yet,already,just,before,lately等时间状语连用。

—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗?

—Yes, I I have just had 是的,我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。)

I have already posted the 我已经寄过这些照片了。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)

have(has) gone to,have(has) been to和have(has) been in的区别

have (has) gone to表示"已经去某地了",不能与for+一段时间连用。

She has gone to (她可能已在去上海的路上,或已到上海,总之现在不在这里。)

have (has) been to表示"曾经去过某地",不能与for+一段时间连用。

She has been to Shanghai three (她已经不在上海,只说明她曾经去过。)

have (has) been in/at表示"一直待在某地",常与时间段搭配,指待了很久。

(2)过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。

I haven’t seen her these 近来我一直没见过他。

I’ve known Li Lei for three 我认识李雷已经三年了。

They have lived here since 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。

She has taught us since I came to this 自从我来这所学校,她就教我。

现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用:

(1)用于"过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果"的时间状语有:

(2)用于"过去发生的事,一直延续到现在"的时间状语有:

for + 时间段 for two years

since + 时间点 since 20XX since then since he came here

so far 目前;迄今为止

up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止;直到现在

all the time 总是;一直

recently/lately 最近

these days 近几天

by the end 到……末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末

during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中

in the last /past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中

(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。

I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own

I will go with you as soon as I have finished my

(4)非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

I haven’t received his letter for almost a

高中英语语法总结 第16篇

一. 动词的时态

时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时,现在完成进行时。下面分别进行介绍。

一般现在时的用法

1) 表示经常性,习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征或真理而不表示具体的特定行为。

句子中常用often,usually,every day等时间状语。例如:
He goes to school every day。(经常性动作) He is very (现在的状态) The earth moves around the 〈真理〉

2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时态的形式表示将来。

If you come this afternoon,we"ll have a When I graduate,I"ll go to the

3) 有时这个时态表示按计划,规定要发生的动作,(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如begin,come,leave,go,arrive, start,stop,return,open,close等。

The meeting begins at

The train starts at nine in the 在时。例如:

I like English very

一般过去时的用法

4) 表示状态和感觉的动词,如be,like,, remember, find,sound等常用一般现

The story sounds very

1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。

He saw Wang

I used to He worked in a factory in During the vacation I would swim in the 2) 表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to”和“would+动词原形”。例如:

注意:used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外“to be used to+名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于„„’’。例如:

I am used to the climate He is used to swimming in

一般将来时的用法

一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“will或shall + 动词原形”外,还有以下几种形式。

1) ―to be going to+动词原形‖,表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如:
It is going to We are going to have a meeting

2) go, come, start, move, leave, arrive, stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。

I’m leaving for Next week I’m staying in the country for

The boy is to go to school 3) ―be to + 动词原形‖表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。

Are we to go on with this work ?

跟时间状语。例如:

We are about to I’m about to start He gets off at the next 5) 某些词,如come,go,leave,arrive,start,get,stay等的一般现在时也可表示将来。

The meeting starts at five o"

现在进行时

1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,由“to be + 现在分词”构成,另外“系动词十

介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义。例如:

What are you doing? The bridge is under

2) 表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如:have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。

3) 非持续性动词一般不用进行时态,但当用于进行时态时所表达的意义是:a) 逐渐地。

b)

反复进行的动作。例如:

a) I’m beginning to understand (我慢慢开始明白了。)

b) The monkey is jumping up and down (那只猴子在那一直上上下下跳个不停。)

4) 有的句子用一般现在时态和进行时态均可,但用进行时态往往带有感情色彩。比较:

The Changjiang River flows to the (长江向东流。

客观现实)

The Changjiang River is flowing to the (长江滚滚东流。

赞叹)

Tom often lies to our (“汤姆经常对老师撒谎。”表汤姆的习惯)

Tom is always lying to our (“汤姆老是对老师撒谎。”表说话者厌恶的态度)

过去进行时的用法

1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作,由“was(were)十 现在分词”

构成。例如:
In 1980 he was studying in a He was reading a novel when I came

4) ―be about to+动词原形‖ 表示即刻发生的动作,意为:be ready to do 后面一般不

2) 用一般过去时态和过去进行时态有行为完成与否的差别。比较:

Yesterday my sister wrote a (写了一封信)

Yesterday my sister was writing a (这封信或许还没有写完)

现在完成时的用法

现在完成时由“have+过去分词”构成。其使用有两种情况:

1) 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。

He has gone to (说话人认为他不在该地) He has been to (说话人认为他在该地)

表示一段时间的状语或so far,now,today,this week(month,year)等表示包括现在 时间在内的状语。例如:
He has studied English for 5

He has studied English since

Now I have finished the

注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。

3) 现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。例如:

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my

If it has stopped snowing in the morning,we"ll go to the

过去完成时的用法

1) 过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动

作之前完成的动作状态。句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导的时间状语。例如:

By the end of last year we had bui1t five new I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the

或持续下去。例如:

Before he slept,he had worked for 12

过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should或would + 动词原形”构成。第一人称用should,其他人称用would。例如:

They were sure that they would

现在完成进行时的用法

现在完成进行时由“have(has)+ been+现在分词”构成,表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词,如work,study,live,teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。例如:
I have worked here for three

I have been working here for three

但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思。例如:

I have written a (己写完)

I have been wring a (还在写)

注意:表示短暂动作的动词,如finish,marry,get up,come,go等不能用这种时态。

2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常用for和since

2) 过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间

二. 动词的语态

当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,

谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。例如:

1) 一般现在时:You are required to do

2) 一般过去时:The story was told by

3) —般将来时:The problem will be discussed

4) 现在进行时:The road is being

5) 过去进行时:The new tool was being

6) 现在完成时:The novel has been

7) 过去完成时:He said that the work had been

8) 过去将来时:He said that the trees would be planted

一些特殊的被动语态结构:

1) 带情态动词的被动结构:

The problem must be solved

2) 带不定式的被动结构:

The room is going to be The homework needs to be done with

例l)The baby is looked after

用于这类被动结构的短语动词要把它们作为整体看待,即要把它们看作单字及物动词。

这类结构有以下几种:

a) (不及物)动词+介词:agree to,ask for,call for,laugh at,listen to,look after,

operate on,send for,talk of等。

b) (及物)动词+副词:bring about,carry out,find out,give up,

hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, take up, think over,

turn down,turn out,wipe out,work out等。

c) 动词+副词+介词:do away with,face up to,give in to,look down upon, make up for,

put up with等。

例2)They will be taken (good) care

Attention must be paid to your

用于这类被动结构的短语动词最多见的是“动词+名词+介词”这一结构。如:catch sight of,keep an eye on,make use of,make a fool of,pay attention to, put an end to,set fire / light to, take care of, take hold of,take notice of等。

例2) 与例1) 的不同点在于,它们用于被动态时能有两种形式。第一种形式是把“动词十名词+介词”作为整体看待。第二种形式是把其中的“动词+名词”作为“动词+宾语”的结构处理。

4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语,宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。例如:

We always keep the classroom (比较:The classroom is always kept )

3) 短语动词的被动结构:

5) 汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示,例如:

据说„„ 希望„„ 据推测说„„ It is said that„ It is hoped that„ It is supposed that„ It must be admitted that„ It must be pointed out that„ It is well known that„ It will be said that„ It is generally considered that„

It is believed that„ 必须承认„„ 必须指出„„ 众所周知„„ 有人会说„„ 大家认为„„ 有人相信„„

表示被动含义的主动动词

1) 系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有look, taste, sound, smell,

prove, feel等, 例如:

Your reason sounds The door won’t The book sells Good medicine tastes bitter to the It can’t These clothes wash The dust has blown into the 2) 一些与can’t或won’t连用的动词。

常用的有: lock, shut, open, act等, 例如: 3) 一些与well, easily, perfectly等连用的动词, 如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook等, 例如: 4) 用在 ―主语 + 不及物动词 + 主语补语‖ 句型中的一些不及物动词, 例如: This material has worn

表示被动含义的主动结构

1) 在动名词结构中

be worth, want (=need), need, require后所用的动名词, 必须用主动结构表被动意义。

These young seedlings will require / need looking after (= need to be looked after) Your hair wants / needs cutting (needs to be cut).

a) 作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系, 即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情

形最常出现在 ―There + be + 主语 + 修饰主语的不定式‖ 和 ―及物动词 + 宾语 (或双宾语) + 修饰宾语的不定式‖ 结构中, 特别是 ―主语 + have + 宾语 + 修饰宾语的不定式‖ 结构中。

Give him some books to He has a family to There is a lot of work to 当然, 这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式, 含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do / to be Give me the names of the people to contact / to be

是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多, 最常用的有amusing, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, important, nice, pleasant等, 例如:

That question is difficult to Chicken’s legs are nice to

2) 在不定式结构中 b) 在―主语 + be + 形容词 + 不定式‖句型中, 有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语, 这在be to结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被

动。然而,由于古英语的影响, 下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:

Who is to blame for starting the fire? The house is to A lot remains to

3) 在特殊结构中

a) ―be + under +名词‖ 结构:这种结构表示某事 ―在进行中‖。例如: The building is under

The whole matter is under discussion (= is being discussed).

经常这样用的名词还有repair (修理), treatment (治疗), question (质问)等。

b) ―be worthy of +名词‖结构: 在这一结构中, 名词和句子的主语有被动含义, 如: a man worthy of support nothing worthy of praise

此结构后通常用表示行为的名词, 而不用动名词的被动形式。

高中英语语法总结 第17篇

AS引导非限制性定语从句时,通常指的不是主句中的某一个名词(先行词),而是指整个主句表达的内容,对主句所作的陈述进行附加说明,意为―这,如或正如‖。这种从句可位于主句之前,之中或之后。

As we all know, Taiwan belongs to Taiwan, as we all know, belongs to Taiwan belongs to China, as we all 注意下面的习惯用法:

as is well discussed 正如已讨论过的

as is often said 正如通常所说 as is often the case 通常就是这样 as has been pointed 正如所指出的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as often happens 如同经常所发生的那样 as might be expected正如所料 as is well known to all众所周知

在多数情况下,从句中的谓语助动词可以省略 as explained before 如前面所解释的 as mentioned above 如前面所提到的 as shown in the figure 如图所示 as seen from the table 从表中可以看出 as already discussed 正如已讨论过的

高中英语语法总结 第18篇

Man is not much beside the great birds and  

------Hemingway, The Old Man and the  Sea

比起那些伟大的鸟兽来,人算不了什麼.

------海明威

Pain does not matter to a

------Hemingway, The Old Man and the  Sea

对男子汉而言,痛苦算不了什麼.

------海明威

There are more things to admire in men than to  

------Camus, The plague

人之可称赞之点,多於其可鄙视之处.

------卡缪

What interests me is living and dying for what  one

------Camus, The plague

我感到兴趣的是:为所爱而生,为所爱而死.

------卡缪

If there is one thing one can always yearn for  and sometimes attain, it is human

------Camus, The plague

如果有一件人可以永远渴望,而且有时能够得到的东西,那就是人类的爱.

------卡缪

I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend  to the death your right to say

------Voltaire

我不赞成你的意见,但我誓死保卫你的发言权.

------伏尔泰

Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep, and  you weep

------Stevenson, "Solitude"

欢笑,世界与欢笑;哭泣,你自己一个人哭泣.

------史蒂文生,

Anyone can carry his burden, however hard, until   Anyone can do his work, however hard, for one

------Stevenson

不论肩上的担子如何沉重,总能负担到日暮时分.不论工作如何艰辛,总可以支撑著做一整天.

------史蒂文生

People ask you for criticism, but they only want  

------Maugham, Of Human Bondage

人们请你批评,但他们要的却是赞美.

------毛姆,

If a nation values anything more than freedom,  it will lose its freedom; and the irony of it is that if it is comfort or money  it values more, it will lose that

------Maugham

如果国家对任何事的评估高於自由,它会丧失自由;讽刺的是,如果它评估高的是安逸或金钱,它也会丧失安逸或金钱.

------毛姆


高中英语语法总结 第19篇

引导的比较级:

(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句:
He studies as hard as 他像你一样学习努力。

(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用 not so…as…. 例句:He can notrun so/as fast as 他没你跑得快。

引导的倒装句型:only +状语 (或状语从句)位于句首时,句子部分倒装。

例句:
Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed 只有勤奋、正直,一个人在生活中才能成功。

注意:但 only修饰主语时,不倒装。例句:
Onlythat girl knew how to work out the 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

引导的虚拟语气:wish 后面的从句,当表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时,其宾语从句的动词形式为:

⑴表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示,be 的过去式用

I wish I knew the answer to the 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

⑵表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词用had +过去分词。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)

⑶表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。

I wish it would stop 但愿雨能停止。

注意:若wish 后的宾语从句中用 would,可以表示请求,通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例句:I wish you would be 我希望你安静一些。

形式宾语:和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

例句:He has made it clear that he will not give 他表明他不会屈服。

+比较级,the+比较级表示“越越”。

例句:The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill 我们越害怕困难,困难就会变得越强大。

宾语从句:一般疑问句做宾语,引入if或whether

例句:
I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?

原因状语从句:since引导的

例句:
Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your

否定词前置倒装:

例句:
Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began

If虚拟条件句

宾语从句:放在介词后面,作介词的宾语。

例句:I know nothing about him except that he used towork in

状语从句省略(分词作状语):从句的主语和状语从句的主语一致,状从省略采用分词作状语。

例句:(Because) being short of money, we can’t afford a TV =Because we are short of money, we can’t afford a TV

并列句:由and,or , but连接的两个句子成为并列句。

省略句 /倒装:so/系动词/助动词/情态动词 +sb 表示“前者情况适用于后者”。

例句:You are a student, so am

定语从句 who引导的限定性定从。

例句:Do youremember the girl who taught us English ?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?

宾语从句:whether的用法。

例句:I wonder if/whether it is going to rain

不定式做定语。

例句:Theonly way to solve our problems will continue to be

原因状从:now that的用法。now that 表示 “既然”。与 since 的不同之处在于,now that 引出的必须是一个新出现的事实或情况,如果依然如故,和过去相比并没有变化,则不用 now that 引导。

例句:Now that we have all the materials ready, we shouldbegin the new task at 既然我们把所有材料都准备好了,我们应该立刻开始这项新的工作。

原因状从:for的用法。由because 引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用并列连词 for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用 for。

例句:He is absent today, because/for he is 他今天没来,因为他生病了。

原因状从:as 的用法。

例句:The Singapore passengers begin to decrease as otherairlines spread their operating

同位语从句:Iwant to know the answer to this question who will be our next 原因状从:
in that的用法。

例句:Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that itpromotes 私营化的优点在于能促进相互竞争。

不定式:不定式做目的状语。

例句:Weget up very early to catch the first

同位语从句:同位语从句在句中作A同位语,对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。同位语的特点是:抽象名词在前,表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的名词包括:
assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion结论/ doubt怀疑等。

例句:The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in theregion has been 关于我们应该开发本地区资源的建议已经讨论过了。

现在完成时:表示过去延续到现在的动作或状态。具体来说,这种用法是表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例句:An old woman walked out into the middle of the The policemanyelled to her, “Don’t you knowwhat it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years ” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央,这时,一位交警朝着她嚷道:“我都把手举起来了,你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说:“我当然知道,我都做了28 年的老师了。”

时间状从:not…until… 用法。

例句:The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came

it做形式主语,句子做逻辑主语:如果主语太长,常用代词 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语从句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。

例句:It makes no difference what you read or study ifyou can’t remember 如果你记不住,那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。

现在分词短语作状语:

(1)现在分词作时间状语。例句:There areseveral things to consider when buying fresh 当购买新鲜食品时,有几个事情要考虑。

(2)现在分词作条件状语。例句:Working hard,you will 如果努力工作,你将会成功。

(3)现在分词作伴随状语。例句:All night longhe lay awake, thinking of the 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。

(4)现在分词作方式状语。例句:Please answerthe question using another 请用另一种方法回答问题。

(5)现在分词作原因状语。例句:Not knowingher address, I can’t write to 由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。

(6)现在分词作结果状语。例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree ofmobility, enabling the driver to move around 拥有汽车使机动程度更高,使司机能自由自在地往来各地。

(7)现在分词作让步状语。例句:Although working from morning till night his fatherdidn’t get enough 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干,但是还是挣不够吃的。

情态动词表推测

(1)对现在、将来情况的推测,用情态动词+动词原形

对现在、将来情况的肯定推测:must+动词原形

对现在、将来情况的否定推测:can’t +动词原形

对现在、将来情况的可能推测:may/might +动词原形

例句:What is he doing?

He must be can’tbe He may/might be reading but I’m not

(2)对过去情况的推测,用情态动词+have

对过去情况的肯定推测:must+have done

对过去情况的否定推测:can’t +have

对过去情况的可能推测:may/might +have done

例句:It must / may / might / have rained last Theground is

The door is He cannot / may ( might ) not havebeen at

部分倒装:否定词前置

(1)hardly/scarcely…when…

例句:Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisit 她刚一出门,一个学生就来拜访她。

(2)no sooner…than…

例句:No sooner had the game begun than it began to 比赛刚一开始就下起了雨。

动词 ing 形式作独立主格结构:逻辑主语和主句主语不一致时采用。

例句:Time permitting, we will go for a picnic (=f time permits, we will go for apicnic ) 如果时间允许,我们明天会去野餐。

to 结构:表示“如此以至于”。

例句:The girl was so excited as to shout herself 那个女孩兴奋得喊哑了嗓子。

even if 引导的让步状语从句:“即使”。

例句:
Even if we achieve great success in our work, weshould not be 即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩,也不应该自满。

when 引导的状语从句

(1)when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用。

例句:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。

例句:When he had finished his homework,he took a short (finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。

When I got to the airport,theguests had (got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。

that 引导的宾语从句

名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中。

例句:I suggested (that) they should drive along 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。

I hoped (that) I would / should 我曾希望我会成功。

which 引导的主语从句。

例句:Which book they will choose is still 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。

过去完成时和过去将来时

(1)过去完成时(past perfect tense):强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态,或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情,它就是过去的过去。

①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果,用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。

②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句:
He said he had been to Beijing 他说他已经去过北京两次。

(2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句:I heard that they were going toreturn to Shanghai 我听说他们不久要回到上海。

there be句型:表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为There be (is,are,was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句:There are fifty-two students in our 教室里有52个学生。

高中英语语法总结 第20篇

( 1 ) 定语从句

定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。

That与which, who, whom的用法区别:

As与which的区别:

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:

( 2 )状语从句

状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等,按意义可分为地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较等。

1、时间状语从句

由从属连词when, whenever, as, while, before, since, once, I waited till he had finished his

when, as, while 作时间从属连词的区别。

When可引导持续性动作,又可引导短暂性动作。它可表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。

When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on (同时)

as 引导持续性动作,侧重表示主句和从句动作同时发生。

He hurried home, looking behind as he

while “在某一段时间里”、“在……期间”

While引导的动作必须是持续性的,它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生,往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。

Please don’t talk so loud while others are

_当when, as, while(正当……的时候)表示主句和从句的动作同时发生时,可以换用。

_当when引导的状语从句是系表结构(名词作表语),其主语又和主句主语一致时,往往可用as引导的省略从句代替,应注意as在这里是连词,不是介词,后边名词与年龄有关。

As a young man(=when he was a young man)he was a

before 如果when和before引导的句子位于主句之后,有时要译为“才”、“这时”等。

He almost knocked me down before he saw I was having lunch when someone knocked at the

by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, soon after, shortly after等也可以作为连词,引导时间状语从句。

Each time he came to Beijing on business, he would call on I recognized you the moment I saw

时间状语从句中的谓语动词一般不能用任何一种将来时,只能用现在时或过去时态表示将来时。

hardly…when; no sooner soon as

这两个句组只能用于过去时,即从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句谓语动词用过去完成时。Hardly、no nooner放在句首时,主句主谓倒装。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his

Hardly had he fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his

I had no sooner come home than it began to No sooner had I come home than it began to

2、 地点状语从句:where, wherever引导

Go back where you came Where there is water, there is

3、原因状语从句

由连词because, as, since, now than (既然,由于)

because引导的从句是全句意思的重心所在。在有上下文的情况下,可以不要主句而单独成句。as与since则不能。

在回答why开始的问句时只能用because。

_在强调句式中强调原因状语从句,只能用because引导从句,不能用as或

It was because he was ill that he didn’t go with

_as (由于)所引导的从句一般放在主句之前,说明原因;后边的主句说明结果。主句和从句表达的内容同等重要。

As there was no answer, I wrote

以as引导的从句位于主句之后时,它的力量更弱一些,类似一种附带的说明。As在口语中使用较多。

_since(既然,因为):用以表示显然的或已知的理由、原因。从句的意思是次要的,主句是全句意思的重心所在。

Since he can not answer the question, you’d better ask someone

_now that与since, as 同义。其区别是now that用来说明一种新情况,然后再加以推论,从句与主句的因果关系很小,而since和as连接的句子因果关系比较明显。

Now that you have finished the work, you are free to do what you

注意:_用了以上表示原因的从属连词,主句不可再用并列连词

_并列连词for有时表示因果关系,有时是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断。

当for表示因果关系时,可和从属连词because同样使用,但语气较弱。

He could not have seen me, for (or: because) I was not

4、目的状语从句

that, so that, in order that, for fear that(以免,唯恐),lest(唯恐,免得):lest从句中谓语(should)+v, in case (万一)等。

We remained at home lest(=for fear that) they should come in our

目的状语从句的消语常含有may(might),can, could, should, will等情态动词。通常主句在前,从句在后,主句与从句之间没有逗号。

_lest 只用于正式文体,在现代英语中多以for fear that, so that…not等代替。

5、结果状语从句

由连词that, so that, so…that , such…that

注意区别that, so that引导的目的状语从句和结果状语从句。根据上下文来判断,从句之前有逗号的常是结果状语从句;从句中有情态动词的多半是目的状语从句。

She hurried, so that she caught the (结果) She hurried so that she might catch the (目的)

6、条件状语从句

通常由if, unless(除非),as long as, so long as只要,in case (that)万一

_unless 从句的谓语只能用肯定式

_主将从现

7、方式状语从句

连词as, as if(as though)等引导从句多用虚拟语气。

He walked as if he were

8、比较状语从句

as…as, not so (as)…as, than等引导 Peter swims as well as Tom

_the +比较级(从句),the+比较级(主句) The harder we work, the happier we

9、让步状语从句

though, although, as(虽然),even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, however, no matter who (what, which, etc)

Wherever you work, you can always find time to

Whether he comes or not, we’ll discuss the problem this

_让步状语从句可放在句首、句中、句尾

though与although同义。Although 较为正式,多置于句首,as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语。它比用though(although)引导的让步状语从句更有表现力,语气更强。As引导的让步状语从句要使语序部分倒装。

Child as he was, he had to help support the

_even if (though)从句所说的不一定是事实。

Though从句一般说的是事实。

_whether一般引导名词性从句。当引导让步状语从句时,必须有逗号和主句分开,而且其前边可加no

You’ll have to do it, (no matter) whether you like it or

_让步状语从句和主句之间不可再用but等纯并列连词,但可用yet, still, nevertheless等副词来加强语气。

Though he was tired, yet (still, nevertheless) he went on

_不可将no matter与“疑问词+ever”连用。

Whatever (no matter what )you say, I won’t agree you .

No matter whatever you say, I won’t agree with you .(错)

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